Average Calculator

The mean (arithmetic average) is the sum of all values divided by the count. The median is the middle value when numbers are sorted; it is less affected by outliers. The mode is the value that appears most often; a dataset can have multiple modes or none.

Use the median when your data has outliers or is skewed. For example, median household income is a better representation than mean income because a few very high earners pull the mean up significantly. In symmetric, normally distributed data, mean and median are approximately equal.

Standard deviation measures how spread out values are from the mean. This calculator uses the population standard deviation formula: sqrt(sum of (each value minus mean)^2, divided by count). For sample standard deviation (dividing by n-1 instead of n), multiply the result by sqrt(n/(n-1)).

Range is the simplest measure of spread: it is the difference between the maximum and minimum values. A large range indicates high variability; a small range indicates the values are clustered together.

The text area accepts as many numbers as you need. Numbers can be separated by commas, spaces, or new lines. Non-numeric entries and empty lines are ignored.